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K. Swetha ¹, K. Manjula ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.v. Agricultural College, Tirupati (A.P.), IN

Abstract

After conducting a roving survey in Chittoor district for the natural occurrence of Nomuraea rileyi, a few fungal infected and died (mummified) cadavers of Spodoptera litura and Bombyx mori were found and collected. With microscopic studies, the fungus was identified as Nomuraea rileyi and Beauveria bassiana. The molecular characterization of 7 isolates of N.rileyi was done by RAPD-PCR for studying the genetic variability/similarity. RAPD banding profile with 12 different random primers viz., 3 primers from OPD, 3 primers from OPY, 2 primers from OPM, 2 primers from OPA, 1 primer from OPC and 1 primer from OPW (Operon technology) showed 88.6 per cent polymorphism as all the bands obtained were polymorphic with size ranging from 100 bp to 3000 bp. Jaccards similarity co-efficients between the N.rileyi isolates showed 97.50 per cent genetic variation between isolates of Tirupati and V.Kota-1. While the isolates V.Kota-2 and Madanapalli were found to be genetically similar as 70.3 per cent similarity was observed between the isolates. In the resulted dendrogram V. Kota-2 and Madanapalli isolates formed one group and V. Kota-2 and Kanumakupalli another group and remaining isolates did not form any group.

Keywords

Nomuraea rileyi, Molecular Characterization, Rapd-pcr, Primers, Polymorphism

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T. Sharmila ¹, K. Manjula ¹, T. Murali Krishna ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Tirupati (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Three oil formulations of entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi were evaluated for their efficacy along with crude formulation against third instar Spodoptera litura during 2011-2012 at the Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. Mean larval mortalities of 96.67, 93.33, 86.67 and 76.67 per cent, respectively were recorded with groundnut, sunflower, coconut oil based formulations and crude formulation of N. rileyi at highest concentration i.e., 1 x 10⁸ spores ml^-1 at 10 DAT. More than 70 per cent larval mortalities of S. litura were obtained with the concentrations above 1 x 10⁶ spores per ml in case of groundnut oil and sunflower oil based formulations. The mortalities gradually reduced with concentration showing the least at 1 x 10² spores ml^-1. Incubation period, was in negative correlation with the concentration of N. rileyi in all the formulations. Pupal mortalities and malformed adults emergence showed positive association with concentration of N. rileyi against S. litura larvae.

Keywords

N. rileyi, Oil Formulation, Lab Evaluation, S. litura.

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K. Swetha ¹, K. Manjula ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The virulence of dry formulations of Nomuraea rileyi for different storage conditions was tested against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Talc formulations retained the virulence of N. rileyi for relatively longer period (45 per cent mortality after 3 months storage, 30 per cent after 4 months) than other formulations.

Keywords

Nomuaea rileyi, Spodoptera litura, Dry Formulations, storage.

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E. Hemasree ¹, K. Manjula ¹, T. Murali Krishna ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati 517 502, IN

Abstract

The larvae of II, III and IV instars of Achaea janata treated with subculture I, II and insect cultures of Nomuraea rileyi indicated larval mortalities to be positively correlated with the concentrations of all the three cultures. First subculture and insect culture were almost equally efficacious in causing the disease. Slightly lowered mortality were recorded with subculture II. Reduction in larval mortality was noticed with advancement of the age in A. janata larvae. Almost 100 per cent larvae were dead with 1x10⁸ spores ml-1 concentration when treated in II intar and it was 5-15 per cent when treated in III and IV instars. However, relatively lower concentrations like 1x10⁴ - and 1x10⁵ spores ml^-1 also recorded mortality of 50 per cent and above. The lowest concentration of 1x10² spores ml-1 resulted in 20-30 per cent larval mortality.

Keywords

Nomuraea rileyi, Subculture, Insect Cultures, Achaea janata, Pathogenicity, Larval Mortality.

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T. Sharmila ¹, K. Manjula ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College (ANGRAU), TIRUPATI (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson is a potential entomopathogenic fungus against lepidopteran pests. In groundnut crop ecosystem, along with three oil formulations (sunflower, coconut and groundnut), two Wettable powder (corn flour and talc) and one crude formulation were evaluated against Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera during 2011-2012 at dry land farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. The results indicated that groundnut oil based formulation of N. rileyi recorded significantly higher reduction of both S. litura (82.46%) and H. armigera (74.58%) larval population. The groundnut oil based formulation also recorded significantly lower per cent leaf damage by both S. litura (14.27%) and H. armigera (13.27%). However sunflower oil and coconut oil formulations also proved better than WP and crude formulations. Crude formulation was also found to be effective when compared to WP formulations in reducing the larval population, in recording lower per cent leaves damaged at 15 days after treatment against both pests.

Keywords

Oil Formulations, Nomuraea rileyi, Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera.

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P. Venkatarao ¹, K. Manjula ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricutural Entomology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, Pundibari (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Agricutural Entomology, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College (ANGRAU) Tirupati (A. P.), IN

Abstract

An in-vitro experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different insecticides, fungicides and their combination treatments on radial colony growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. by following poison food technique in PDA medium. Two contact (chlorpyriphos 0.05%, thiodicarb 0.075%), three stomach and contact poison insecticides (chlorfenapyr 0.002%, spinosad 0.0025 and emamectin benzoate 0.003%), among the fungicides one systemic (hexaconazole 0.2%), one contact (Mancozeb 0.25%) and their ten insecticide-fungicide combinations were evaluated with recommended doses against S. rolfsii in laboratory during the year 2009-2010 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. Chlorpyriphos 0.05 per cent (70.33%) was the best insecticide to restrict the fungal growth effectively followed by emamectin benzoate (34.03%). The two fungicides i.e. mancozeb 0.25 per cent, hexaconazole 0.2 per cent and their combinations with insecticides were found effective in reducing (cent per cent) the growth of S. rolfsii. Fungicides do not shown any antagonism when mixed with insecticides.

Keywords

Sclerotium rolfsii, Insecticides, Fungicides, Compatibility, in Vitro.

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K. Manjula ¹, K. Pushpalatha ¹, C. Suneetha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, IN

Abstract

Chlorophylls are bright green natural pigments which were widely distributed among plants, select bacteria, green fruits and vegetables. Chlorophyll has anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing property. The effect of three cooking methods, commonly used in house hold level including blanching, cooking with lid and cooking without lid on the chlorophyll content of green chillies, capsicum and kovai were investigated. 5 grams of sample was taken for all the cooking methods, after cooking all the samples were analyzed for chlorophyll content. The results showed that all cooking methods caused significant losses i.e., above 80% on total chlorophyll content. The high percent of chlorophyll loss was seen when vegetables were cooked with lid. Minimum losses were seen in Vegetables cooked without lid. Kovai was more susceptible to all cooking methods where maximum loss of chlorophyll was seen when compared with capsicum and green chillies. Minimum losses were seen in green chillies when cooked without lid. The present study concluded that vegetable cooked without lid showed better cooking quality aspects in terms of colour, texture and weights, through this the loss of the chlorophyll were retained.

Keywords

Blanching, Cooking with Lid, Cooking without Lid, Green Chillies, Capsicum and Kovai.

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Y. Peeru Saheb ¹, K. Manjula ¹, K. Devaki ², R. Sarada Jaya Lakshmi ³, B. Ravindra Reddy ⁴, N. C. Venkateswarlu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Entomology, IFT, RARS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
4 Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Fifteen isolates of Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi collected from field populations of Spodoptera litura (F.) and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith in different crops across different agroclimatic zones of Andhra Pradesh were evaluated for their pathogenicity against third instar larvae of S. litura at the Biocontrol Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, India. Virulence was tested by applying conidial suspension @ 1x10⁷ spores ml^–1 on the groundnut leaves on which the larvae were allowed to feed. The cumulative mean larval mortality to the extent of 75.00 to 85.00% was observed with isolates viz. Nr.Yj.KZ, Nr.Dp.KZ, Nr.Rt.KZ, Nr.Rd.HATZ, Nr.Pp. HATZ and Nr.Cp.HATZ whereas the isolates Nr.Ik.SRZ, Nr.Vg.SRZ, Nr.Pl.SZ, Nr.Ag.SZ, Nr.Np.SRZ, Nr.Rp.SZ, Nr.Rg.NCZ, Nr.Hv.SRZ and Nr.Cd.SZ recorded 65.00 to 73.33% mortality.

Keywords

Agroclimatic zones, larval mortality, Metarhizium rileyi, pathogenicity, Spodoptera litura

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